Wall form tie



June 17, 1941. Q'A, K|NN|NGER 2,245,559

WALL FORM TIE Filed Nv. 2 9, 1933 i 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 17, 1941. c.A. KINNINGER 2,245,559

l WALL FORM TIE Y Filed Nov. 29, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented June 17,

WALL FORM TIE vCarl A. Kinninger, Dayton, Ohio, asslgnor of onehalf toArthur M. Kinninger, Dayton, Ohio Application Novemher'29, 1933, SerialNo. 700,207

z'v claims. (ci. 25-131) This invention 'relates to wall ties, and moreparticularly to wall ties for holding the formV walls in spacedrelation. l

An objectfof this-invention is to provide a form wall tie that iseconomical, convenient to handle, readily assembled, cheap inconstruction and reliable.

Another object of this invention is to provide a for-m wall tie that isbreakable a considerable distance within the outer surface of a wallbuilt up between opposing form walls. v

Another object of. this invention is to provide a form wall tie thatfails within the subsequently formulated intermediate wall due totorsion.

. Another object of the invention is to provide a form'wall tie thatwill not rotate inthe intermediately fabricated wall but that may berotated near the outer surface of the intermediate wall so' as to causethe form wall tie to fail interme diate the center of the intermediatelyfabricated wall andthe outside surface thereof.

' 9 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing a modification of the roddisclosed in Figs. 1 and 8.

` Another object of the invention is to-provide a form wall tievthatholds the form walls in spaced relation without the use ofspacersintermediate the form walls.

Another object of the invention is to weaken the form wall tie so as tocause it to fail in torsion without materially weakening the tensilestrength thereof. y I

Another object of the invention is to provide means movable with respectto the form wall tie rod, that determines the -spewing intermediate theform walls. f

Andther object of the invention is to provide a form wall tierod of astandard length that may be used for form wall varying inthicknessand/or form wall varying in spacing from one another.

Another object of the invention is to provide.

a seal for the aperture left by the removed end of a tie rod from a wallbuilt up intermediate the form walls.

Another object of the invention is to provide 1 a sealing unit forsealing the aperture vacated by the removed portion of the rod.

With the above primary and other incidental objects in view as will morefully appear, in the specification, the invention consists of thefeatures of construction, the parts and combination vention. Fig. 2 is across-sectional view taken lsubstantiallyin line 2-2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3discloses an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the device shown inFig. 1. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the wedge member shown in Fig. 1. Fig.5 shows an enlarged view of the wedge talken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4.Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged view ofA a modification of the deviceshown in Fig. 1. Fig. '1 shows a sectional 'view of the head disclosedin Fig. 6. Fig. 8 discloses a perspective view of another modification.Fig.

close cross-sectional view and perspective view of the wedgerespectively. Figs. 18, 19, 20, and 21 disclose another modification ofa tie rod, wherein Fig. 18 shows a view of the tie rod, Fig. 19 showsthe tie rod embedded in the wall, Fig. 20 a sectional view taken on theline I9-I9 of Fig. 18, and Fig. 21 a view showing the process l ofbreaking `the rod within the wall.

In building operations it is Ivery desirable to keep the cost thereof tothe minimum. Wherever a saving can be effected it shouldbe done inY notdecreased in proportion with the decrease in cost of many othercommodities inA daily use. In the construction of concrete walls it ispractically necessary to build a temporary building or form, so tospeak', that is later removed and discarded. This building or formincludes an cuter wall and an inner wall which must be held v in spacedrelation and in fixed relation to one another. Formerly it was thepractice to make the form wall' spacers on the job by use of wire orother binding members for preventing the separation of the Vform'wallsand the use o f spacers for preventing the collapse thereof. This isexpensive, especially on account of the laborl involved. Following thisprocedure there was a development wherein removableform retainingmembers Were used. The common pracv. tice of the very last few years hasbeen the use of temporary form retaining members wherein the member isembedded within the fabricated form which are located in the surface ofthe con-v crete Wall when the forms are remo'ved. One type of spacersthat has been used has been suggested by the patent to Ewing No.1,293,391 where cone shaped disks or washers lare inserted upon the endofthe rod the base of the cone engaging the forms., Such cones areobjectionable, however, yas the removal of the cones leaves a conicaldepression in the concrete wall which is later pointed or filled in byconcrete or other suitable material. The wall thus constructed is marredas the spaces vacated by the cones are quite con,- spicuous and a sourceof trouble. It is almost impossible to get a complete unit between thematerial used for pointing and the concrete of the wall. This being thecase there is a tendency especially during colder weather for moistureaccumulating in the ,crevices between the pointing and the wall whichcauses the pointing to bulge and iinally drop out of its seat. Up to thepresent time, however, thishas been the only solution where it isdesirable to present a wall having a comparatively smooth surface. Suchcones have been foundobjectionable in that they increase the cost of thetemporary form tie in addition to marring the surface of thelnishedwall. After thewall'is constructed, especially one used as a retainingwall, water seeps through the wall around the form tie remaining thereinwhich is objectionable for two reasons--one the. wall is not tight andthe other 'the rust or oxide from the embedded rods streaks the wall, as`is Well known.

Instead of bone shaped spacers, flat spacers are used for some typesI ofconstruction which are suitably attached to the tie rod as shown inapplicants co-pending application Serial No. 540,- 932, filed May 29,1931. When such spacers are used the problem of pointing is not so greatbut the concrete Wall becomes streaked due to the end of the rod beingexposed to the surface.

Each of these objections have been overcome by this invention in thatspacers are not used but a wedge engaging the tie rod head is providedwhich prevents the free movement of the'tie rod either away from ortoward the wedge so that as the wedge is attached to the temporary formthe forms retain a fixed relation to one another. The rod has also beenweakened in spaced relation with respect to the forms so that it may bebroken within the surface of the intermediate formed wall, the holevacated by the portion of the tie rod removed being sealed by a suitablesealing unit which will appear more fully later. 'I'he tie rod ispreferably broken by a twisting movement of the outer end whichnecessitates the use of means for preventing rotation of the tie rodembedded within the formed wall.

In the construction of form wall ties for small or thin concrete walls,a single rod, having spaced members seated thereon, and suitable wedgeengaging heads at each end thereof, has been used with very satisfactoryresults.

In larger constructions, the tie rods disclosed in my co-pendingapplication, Serial No. 540,932, are not always satisfactory for thereason that the strength of the form wall ties is not sumcien'tly greatand the structure of the parts holding the forms in position is notsuiilciently face of the concrete walLas shown in the specication andclaims, there is designated 'the distance from the place where the rodemanates from the concrete whether it be at the surface of the forms atthe inner surface of the spacers or at the apices of the cones.

In the preferred embodiment disclosed in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, more tensilestrength vhas been obtained by the use of two or more parallel 'spacedtie rods 20 extending .through the formed wall,

each of which is provided with offset heads 22 engaging a suitablewasher 24fseated in a recess 26 in the spacer head 28, which is providedwith a threaded hole 30 for receiving anotched bar 32 used in holdingthe several parts of the form in position by a Wedge 36 engaging thenotches 38. 'I'he wire rods 20 are 'preferably made of high carboncontent steel in order to get sufficient tensile strength. For thisreason it has been found impractical and in some cases impossible toweld the tie rods to the heads or spacers as the high carbon content ofthe steel when welded causes the steel to become extremely brittle,thereby weakening the rods. By upsetting the ends of the rods disclosedin Figs. 1, 6 and 10, the tensile strength of the rods is not lost butmaintained at its maximum. Washers treated by a cyanide process areplaced intermediate the upset head and the seat in the cross head member28 which prevent/s the head of the rod stripping therefrom. The use ofthe high carbon content rods and the cyanide treated washers greatlyreduces the required dimensions of the rods and thereby reduces the costof production, the cost of shipping and the strain upon the forms. Inaddition to this, the light rods with extremely high tensile strengthfacilitates the construction of the forms as the lighter rods are farmore easily handled by the builders. As may best be seen in Fig. 3, thehead 28, before assembly, is provided with a pair of lugs 40 that areturned over, as shown at 42 by the dottedl lines to retain the head 22of the rod 20 within the socket provided therefor. The head 28 ispreferably made of either malleable iron or of forged material, asdisclosed in Fig. 6. l. l

From the cross-sectional view of the forged head 44, disclosed in Fig.7, this head is made from a' channel-shaped member having the sides 48and the end 50 of the base extended at right angles thereto forming alug holding the end of the rod 20 in position (see Fig. 6). When thechannel-shaped member is used, as disclosed in Figs. 6 and 7, it is'preferable to provide a nut 52 for the notched bar 38 which ispreferably reduced so as to form shoulders 54 against which member 4.4is seated. As may best be seen from Figs. 1, 4`and 5, a compound wedgehas been used that is provided with the wedging surface 60, as seen inFig. 1, and wedging surfaces 62, seen in Figs. 4 and 5, arranged toengage the inclined surfaces 64 of the ratchet disclosed in Fig. 9. Theminimum distance between the surfaces 62 is slightly greater than theminimum distance across the ratchet 38 butsmaller than the diameter ofthe ratchet, so that when the wedge is passed over the end of thenotched be", which is permitted by the enlarged opening of the wedge B0at 8B, the wedge is' limited in its movement on the ratchet 38, theshoulders 88 preventing move` ment f the wedge 38 to the left, asdisclosed in Fig. 1, and the wedging surfaces 82 engaging the heavy tosupport heavy timber or material used in the construction ofthe forms.

A substantial distance in from the outer sura inclined surfaces 84limiting the movement of the holds a form rigid as to inward thrusteliminating spreaders and also outward pressure.

Themaximum depth of the wedge 36 is consider'ably greater than thedistance between two succeeding shoulders 68. Such a structure permitsthe use of the wedge to tighten the forms by moving the forms inwardlyalong the rods, even a. greater distance than that between successivenotches in the ratchet 38 if necessary.

In the modification disclosed in Fig. 11, one end of the ratchet 38 is'internally threaded at 88 to receive the threaded rod 82. Thisstructure is found desirable where the tensile strength of one rod issufficient to support the form and where a ratchetis desirable toaccommodate various dimensions between the forms.

In the embodiment disclosed in Figs. 1 and 3, the head 28 is locatedflush with the surface of the concrete wall and may be opposedto theexterior thereof. At times it is necessary to have the head 28 seated orspaced from the outer sur- ,face of the Wall and spaced from the innersurface of the form. This may be accomplished by using a cone-shapedwasher 84, the apex of; which engages the head 28 and the base of which36 may be dispensed with and the shouldered bar considered a veryeffective method of waterproong concrete walls. l

As shown in Fig. 3 the rods 28 at |22 in which event the head 28 may. belocated on the outside of the concrete wall preferably on the outside ofthe 'forms immediate the concrete wall and the rods broken at |22 aswill appear more fully later. y

Instead of the cross-member |84 being welded to the rod, the rod ortubing .may -be of an irregular cross-sectional area so as to preventrotation or it may follow a tortuous path so as to be held in anon-rotatable position after the concrete has been poured and set. Byreferring to Figs. 16 and 17, a. compartment wedge ||2 has been providedthat in addition to the. tapering wall 62 is providedwith a cap vor headretainer I6 so that when the wedge is driven to its home position it maybe secured to the whalers by suitable nails driven through the holes||4. vWhen so fastened in position the shoulders or camming surfaces 98prevent the .head from moving in one direction and the head retainer ||6from moving in the other direction, thereby eliminating the necessityfor the spacers that are` commonly a used in ordinary wall ties now onthe market.

and the wedge disclosed in Fig. 8 may be used.

In this modification the wedge 98 overlaps the adjacent wedge engagingmembers 92, which lie in planes at right angles to one another. In thismodification, the ratchet 94 does not require the inclined surfaces 64between succeedingshoulders, but has a square cross-sectional area thatis substantially uniform in size excepting for the shoulders 92,alternating pairs of `which extend at right angles.-

In the modification disclosed in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 the tie rod |88 isprovided with a reduced portion |82 normally found within the wall and alug |84 welded or otherwise secured within the rod .tog prevent rotationof the same when the outer end is twisted to cause the rod to fail' at|82. The rod being weakened at |82 permits the failure oi therod at anypredetermined distance within the wall so that the outer end may beremoved and a hole left thereby suitably plugged.

In the construction `of dams, sewage disposal plants and the like it isdesirable to plug the hole for -the reason that if the hole is notplugged water, sewage and other liquids leak through the foundation orwall along the periphery of the rod and even if the hole left by theredis cementedfthe cement does not make a tight union between it and thewall. In order to overcome this diiilcilty a cork ory other suitableplug |86 is driven into the hole so that its outer surface fectedbetween the, rod andthe Wall so yas to prevent the-liquids from leakingthrough the wall along the outer edge-of the rod. lInA the industry thisis known i as ironite waterproofing, and is The elimination of thespacers decreases .the cost of production so as to increase the demandtherefor y In the modification disclosed in Figs. 18, 19, 20

and 21 another formv of the present invention has been disclosed. Therod |28 is flattened at |22 position as its shape is such that itengages the rod |28 so as to prevent its rotation.

Instead of using the cork |86 to plug the aperture vacated by theremoved portion of the rod,- a'

sealing unit |28, provided with a suitable aperture through which theouter end of the rod |28 passes, is embedded in the concrete in such amanner that as the outer end of the rod |28 is removed the hole'vacatedby the rod extending through the receiving unit |28 is closed. Aflexible rubber pierced for the reception of the rod |28, closes whenthe ,rod is' removed. Instead of a rubber sealing unit |28 any othersuitable sealing unit, wherein the aperture vacated by the rod is closedso as to prevent water or other liquids from seeping therethrough, maybe used. By re' ferring to Fig. 19 it may beseen that the sealiig wallbetween the rod |28 and the wall.

may be subsequently filled with concrete or any other suitableflller |38so as to present a surface flush with the outer surface of the wall,thereby concealing the use of the retaining rods.

As disclosed in Fig. 3, the modification using two or more tie rods maybe weakened at 22 in which event thehead. 28 is preferably locatedoutside of theforms and not within the wall as above described. Afterthe concrete has been poured and set, the tie rods may be cut'at |22-a,

the stubs intermediate |22a and the outer surv face ofthe Wall bent andtwisted so as to cause teach. rod to fail at |22 which is preferablyembedded within the concrete wall. The hole vacatedby the removedportion of the rod may be sealed and filled with concrete.

may be weakened From the above description it will be appar-- ent thatthere is thus provided a device of the character described possessingthe particular operating with the tie *rod for adjustment of the formlwall longitudinally of the tie ro'd, said wedge including a pair oftapering surfaces features of advantage before enumerated as de-vsirable, but which obviously is susceptible of modification in its form,proportions, detail construction and arrangement of parts withoutdeparting from the principle involved or sacricing t is thereforeclaimed in any of its forms or md' ications Within the legitimate andvalid scope l of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention `I claim:

1. In the construction of a concrete wall 4formed intermediate spacedAforms held in spaced relation by` tie rods, the method of construction.including embedding a sealing unit Within the concrete Wall throughwhich the rod passes, and removing a portion of the rod extendingthrough the sealing unit so as rto permit` the sealing unit to seal theaperture vacated by the rod extending therethrough.

2. In a construction of the class described including a rod, a sealingunit carried by said rod, said sealing `unit being of expansible andcontractable materiall so that as the rod is removed I therefrom thematerial expands and the aperture vacated by said rod is sealed.

3. A tie rod structure for forms used in castling a concrete wall andadapted to be partially vweakened portion thereof; sealing meansnormally carried by the removableend portion of the rod a suilicientvdistance from the outermost extremity thereof -as to be rembedded in theformed concrete wall, said fs'ealing means being of a. nature to sealthe aperture in the concrete vacated by the removable end portion of therod upon removal of said end portion from the wall.`

4. In a tie assembly for forms used in vcastl ing and including a wall,atie rod extensible through'the form wall and `a wedge membercooperatingwith the tie rod for. adjustment of bounding an elongatedslot through which the tie rod extendalthe walls of the slot divergingfrom one of said rst named pair of surfaces toward the other anddiverging fromone end of the wedge member toward the other end thereofand complementa! tapering surfaces on the rod cooperating with the pairof surfaces on the wedge to lock the wedge against bodily movement otherthan transversely o1 the rod.

6. A tie assembly for spaced form walls used in casting,- and wherein atie rod is extensible through the form walls and has a portion of itslength disposed within the areaot the casting and ultimately embeddedtherein, the, rod

being secured to the spaced forni wallsin a manper to resist separationmovement thereof. by forces resultant of the casting operation,characterized by the tie rod having substantially the same resistance totensileb stress throughout all portions of its length, and 'shaped-atpredetermined points within the length of the rod ultimately embedded inthe casting to reduce resistance of the tie rod to torsion stresses sothat certain predetermined length sections of the tie rod may beseparated from the remainder of the rod by twisting and then removedfrom the casting, and a sealing means carried by the'portion of therodto be removed from the casting` and located within the length of the rodembedded in the casting, said sealing means remaining in the casting toseal the opening left by removal of a portion of the rod.

` 7. A tie assembly for a formused in casting rod so as, to lie asubstantial distance within a concrete structure cast within the form,saidreduced portion decreasing the torsional strength of the rod withoutaffecting the tensilestrength which remains substantmlly uniformthroughout the length thereof, so that as the outer end of cast concretestructure to prevent rotation of the f the form wall longitudinally ofthe tie rod, said wedge including a -pair of taperingsurfaces boundingan elongated slot through which the tie rod extends, the walls of theslot diverging from one of said first named pair of surfaces towardtheother, and said tie rod including suc' cessive kpairs of oppositediverging surfaces disposed along the end of the tie rod engageable withthe wedge member, each pair of diverging' surfaces terminating in a.wedge engaging shoulder, the taper of the walls of the slot in the the'length thereof, so that as the outer end of rod to lock the wedgememberagainst bodily movement other than'transversely of the tie rod.

5. In ya tie assembly for forms -l used in casting and including a wall,a tie rod extensible Athrough the'form wall and a wedge member cotheIrod is twisted it fails at the reduced portion,v

and a transversely ertending member carried by the portion of the rodultimately embedded in a cast concrete structure and spaced from theouter end-of the rod for cooperation with the `concrete structures andheld in position by a wedge engaging a waler associated with the form,including a tie rod having an upset end engaged by the wedge and aweakened portion arranged in spaced relation from theouter end oftherod'- so as to lie a substantial distance within a concrete structurecast-.within the form, said weakenedportion decreasing the torsionalstrength of the rod without affecting the tensile strength which remainssubstantially uniform throughout the rod is'twisted it fails at thereduced portion, and a peripheral extension on that portion of. the mdintimately embeddeain a cast concretestructure and spaced from the outerend of the rod'for cooperation with the cast concrete structure toprevent rotation of the rod extending from the weakened portion thereoffurther within the cast concrete structure.

casting concrete structures are held in position by a wedge engaging awaler, a rod extending across the area defined by the form, the rodhaving an upset head engageable by the wedge and a flattened portionarranged in spaced relation from the outer end of the rod so as to lie asubstantial distance inwardly from the outer surface of a concretestructure castwithin the form, said.

flattened portion decreasing the torsional strength of the rodwithout'affecting the tensile strength which remains substantiallyuniform throughout the entire length of the rod, so that as the outerend of the rod is twisted it fails at the flattened portion, andV amember carried by the rod and non-rotatable with respect thereto, andconstructed and arranged to cooperate with the cast concrete structureto prevent rotation of that portion of the rod within the cast concretestructure and beyond the flattened portion thereof. and embedded in thecast concrete structure.

10. The combination of a sealing unit with a tie assembly for holdingconcrete wall forms in spaced relation including a rod extending acrossthe area defined by the forms, said', rod having a weakened portion asubstantial distance from the end thereof so asto be located within aconcrete wall erected within the forms, s o that when the outer end ofthe rod is twisted it fails in torsion at said weakened portion andpermits removal of the outer end thereof, leaving anv aperture in thecast concrete wall, said sealing unit being normally associated .withthe outer end of the tie rod and located A'Nithin the area occupied bythe formed concrete wall, and being effective to seal the aperturevacated by the removed portion of the rod. l

11. In a tie assembly for a form used in casting Walls, a tie rod havinga portion thereof extending through a form and having its ends spacedfrom the inner and. outer. surfaces. of the form, a wedge v memberengageable with the rod in advance of the outer surface of the form andmovable transversely of the rod to adjust the form longitudinally of therod, complemental angular surfaces on the wedge member and rodrestricting the wedge member to movement transversely of. the rod, a'flattened portion on the rod spaced from the inner surface ofthe form tolie Within a cast wall and at which the rod fails on twisting to permitremoval of apart of the rod from the cast wall, a member having a bightaround the liattened portion of the rod and extending laterally thereofinto the cast wall to lock that portion of the rod beyond the flattenedportion and Within such cast wall against rotation, and a sealing unitform adjustment purposes while permittingun restricted transversemovement thereof. 13. In a tie assembly for a form used in castingconcrete structures, a tie rod having an end outside the form whichincludes a pair of diverging surfaces forming a shoulder, a wedgeassociated with the rod and providing a backing for a form, the wedgeengaging the shoulder on the rod and being movable relatively to therod; to produce lateral adjustment of the form along the rod, and havingrod contacting surfaces complemental to the diverging surfaces on therod to lock the wedge against bodily movement other than transversely ofthe rod for form adjustment purposes, While -permitting unrestrictedtransverse movement thereof, there being a plurality of like pairs ofdiverging surfaces spaced equidistantly along the length of the rod topermit positioning of the wedge member at selectedy points along the rodlength.

14. In a tie assembly for a form used in casting concrete structures, atie rod having an end out-k side the form which includes a pair ofsurfaces disposed angularly to the longitudinal axis of the rod andforming a shoulder, a wedge associated with the rod and providing abacking for the forms, the Wedge engaging the should'er on the carriedby the rod in spaced relation with the inner surface of the form andnormally associated with the removable part of. the vrod lying withinthe cast wall and adapted to seal the aperture in suchcast wall byremoval oi' the removable part of the rod. Y

12. In a tie assembly for a form used in casting concrete structures, atie rod having an end outside the form which includes successivepairs ofdiverging surfaces forming spaced' shoulders, a wedge associatedwithth'e rod and providing a backing forthe form, the Wedge engaging asellec'ted shoulder and being movable relatively to the rod to producelateral adjustment of the form along the rod, and having rod contactingsurfaces complemental tothe diverging surfaces oi. the rod, thecomplemental surfaces4 on the rod and the wedge locking the Wedgeagainst bodily movement other than transversely of the rod for rod andbeing movable relatively to the rod toproduce lateral adjustment of theform along the rod, and having rod contacting surfaces complemental tothe pair of angularly disposed surfaces on, the rod for locking thewedge against.

bodily movement other than transversely of the rod while permittingunrestricted transverse movement thereof for form adjustment purposes.A15. A wall tie assembly for a form used in casting concrete structures,including a rod extending across theareadened by the form andlprotruding through the form, a Wedge providing a backing for the formand associated with the protruding end of the rod, theWedgebeing-movable relative to the rodfor adjustment of the form alongthe rod, and complemental coactingl angular surfaces on the' protrudingend of. the rod and the Wedge locking the wedge against bodily movementother than transversely of the y rod while permitting unrestrictedtransverse movement thereof for form adjustment purposes.

16. In a wall tie assembly for a form used in casting concretestructures, a rod extending across the area defined by the form andhaving a toothed end outside the form, and a Wedge engaging the toothedend of the rod and providing a backing for the form, said Wedge beingmovable transversely of the rod for adjustment ofthe form along the rod,and complemental angular surfaces on the Wedge and rod for locking thewedge against bodily movement other than transversely of the rod Whilepermitting unrestricted transverse movement thereof for form adjustmentpurposes. l

including a tie rod having a re- 17. A form tie duced portion arrangedin spaced relation from the outer end of the rod so as to lie asubstantial distance fromI the outer surface of'. a structure erectedwithin the form, so that as the outer end ofthe rod is twisted it failsWithin the erected structure, said reduced portion decreasing thetorsional strengthv of the rod without affecting the tensile strength ofthe rod which remains substantially uniform throughout the entire'length thereof, and means carried by the portion ofthe rod spacedfurther from the outer end of the rod than the reduced portion andembedded in the erected structure for preventingrotation ybersurrounding the reduced portion of the rod with a bight and lextendinglaterally of the rod into the erected structure.

18. A form tie including a tie rod having a flattened vportion arrangedin spaced relation from the outer end of the rod so as to lie asubstantial distance from the outer surface of a cast structure erectedwithin the form, so that as the outer end of the rod is twisted it failswithin the cast structure, said iiattened portion decreasing thetorsional strength of the rod without affecting the tensile strength ofthe rod which remains substantially unlformfthroughout the entirelength' thereof', and means carried by the portion of the rod embeddedin the cast structure for cooperation therewith to prevent rotation ofsuch rod portion, said means including a member surrounding theflattened portion of the rod with a bight and extending laterally intothe cast structure.

19. A form tie assembly for use in casting concrete structures includinga tie rod extensible across the interior of the form, said tie rod beingweakened within the area defined by the form( 25 and thereby within thearea of a concrete structure cast within the form whereby the rod failson twisting to permit removal of a part thereof from such cast concretestructure, and sealing means associated withthe removable portion of 30the rod and located within the area occupied by the cast concretestructure before'failure of the rod for cooperation with the castconcrete structure to seal theaifierturel vacated by the removed portionof the rod.

35 20. A form tie comprisinga one-piece contin. uous rod, enlarged headsat the opposite ends of the rod, a distorted portion of vthe rod insuchV relatively spaced relation with at least one of the headsas to liea substantial distance within 40 the confines'of a body oi' ,concretemolded in a form reinforced by thetie, wherein the rod is embedded inrotation resisting relation, said distorted portion being ofsubstantially equal crosssectional area and approximately 4,uniformtensile 45 strength with the cross-sectional area .and tensile. strengthof the remainder of the rod but of decreased resistance to torsional.strain, the conuous, rod, enlarged terminal heads at the opposite end sthereof,-a portion of the rod/indented without removal of anysubstantial portion of .materialtherefrom and embodying substantiallythe maximum cross-sectional area of the roddisposed in such relativelyspaced relation with at least one 'of the terminal heads as to lie asubstantial distance'from the outer face of and within a body ofconcrete molded in a form reinforced by thetie, wherein the rod isembedded in rotation resisting relation, the construction andara,'24s,s5'c J' l 'rangement being such that upon twisting a headed endof the rod protruding beyond the face of the concrete body the Arod willfail and separate at such distorted portion a substantial distancewithin the concrete body, leaving a portion of the rod permanentlyembedded therein.

// 22. A form tie comprising a one-piece continuous rod, enlargedterminal Vheads at opposite ends thereof, and a weakened breakoffportion of decreased resistance to torsional strain but of approximatemaximum tensile strength of the rod disposed in such spaced relationwith at least one of the headed terminals as to lie a substantialdistance within a body of concrete material molded in a form reinforcedby the tie, wherein .the rod is embedded in rotation resisting relation,

the construction and arrangement being such v that upontwisting motionof a protruding terminal portion' of-the rod the latter .will fail andbreak at such breakoff portionsl substantial distance inwardly from theface of the molded concrete body, leaving a portion of the rodpermanently embedded therein. y

23. A tie for concrete forms comprising a rod having a plurality ofspaced heads adjacent one end thereof and a wedge constructed and ar- .iranged to coact with any one of said heads to tighten the rod, vtheoppositely facing parts of adjacent heads* being spaced apart a lessdistance than the maximum take-up of the wedge@ 24. In combination, atie rodhaving a plu' rality of spaced heads adjacent one end thereof anda wedge channeled in cross section to receive one head as the wedge iscoacting with the next outer head and 4having a slot in its outersurface to receive the rod and having spaced bearing faces at its innersurface, the channel between said inner and outer surfaces beingdimensioned to -receive said head.

25. A tie for concrete forms comprising a r having a plurality of spacedheads adjacent one end thereof, and a wedgeconstructed and arranged tocoact with any one of said headsto tighten the rod. said heads beingspaced apart a less distance than the maximum take-up of the wedge, saidrod lhaving a flattened portion and said wedge having an opening toreceive and nt said flattened portion of the rod.

26. A tie for concrete forms comprising a rod having a plurality oi'spaced heads adjacent one endand a wedge having bearing surfacesangularly inclined in yrelation to each other, one

surface' comprising bearing faces spaced from each other adistance atleast as great as the width of said'heads, and the wedge havinga.l

longitudinal channel to receive one of the inn heads as the other wedgesurface coacts wi the adjacent outer head.

l l27. A tie for concrete forms comprising a rod having a plurality ofspaced heads adjacent one end thereof and a wedge constructed andarranged to coact with any one of said `heads to tighten the rod, theinner, wedge engageable surfaces. of adjacent heads lbeing spaced aparta vless distance than the maximum take-up of the wedge.

Vclim. A. KINNINGER. v

CERTIFICATE 'oF CORRECTION. v Patent No. 2,215,559. June 17, ..19LII.

CARL. A. KINNINGER. l

It is hereby ce'I-tifed that error appears `in the printed specificationof,the above .number-ed patent requiring corectionas follows: Page LL,second column, Lline'lll, claim 7, for the word "other" read -outer-;and that I the .said Letters Patent should be read with this. correctionther-ein that the same may conform to the record of the case in thePatent Office.

.signed and Sealed this 29th day of July, A. D. 19LI1.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) v Acting Commissioner of Patents.

